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witness
vt. 当场见到；目击；证明
vi. 作证
n. 目击者；证人；证据
The world has witnessed China’s rapid development in space with the launch of Chang’e-3. 嫦娥3号的发射让世人见证了中国在太空方面的快速发展。
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。
His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。
搭配
a witness to sth 某事的证人/证明
bear/give witness to sth 为……作证；证明
witness to （doing） sth 作证证明某事/做某事
一言巧记
The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness. 这场事故的目击者向警察提交了证明并且答应作证。
urge
vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策
n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向学生们力言用功的重要性。
The UN urged Syria to stop violence immediately and go back to the negotiating table. 联合国敦促叙利亚应立即停止暴力行为，回到谈判桌上来。
They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation. 他们极力主张在放假期间图书馆应当照常开放。
搭配
urge sb/sth on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that... （should） do sth 极力主张；强调……
It is urged that... （should） do sth 坚决要求……
abandon
vt. 遗弃；抛弃；放弃
n. 放纵；尽情
The bad weather forced them to abandon their search. 恶劣的天气迫使他们终止了搜寻工作。
They abandoned carrying out the plan because of the lack of money. 因为缺少资金，他们放弃了执行这项计划。
We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs. 我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。
搭配
abandon one’s hope/plan 放弃希望/计划/注意
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
with abandon 放纵地；放任地
abandoned 无约束的；无度的；放荡的
一言巧记
The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street， abandoning himself to despair. 那孩子被他的父母遗弃了，后来有人发现他在大街上游荡，他陷入了绝望。
reflect
vi.&vt. 思考；映射；反射
His house reflects his personality. 他住的房子反映他的性格。
You should set aside some time to reflect on your successes and failures. 你应该留出时间反思你的成功与失败。
Her face was reflected in the mirror. 镜子映出她的脸。
搭配
reflect sb/sth in sth （指镜子等）映出某人/物
reflect sth from sth 从某物（表面）反射（光，热，声等）
reflect on sth 思考某事
拓展 reflection 反射，反映影像
be lost in reflection 陷入深思中
adjust
vt.&vi. 调整；使适合
It took a while for his eyes to adjust to the blackness. 他用了一小会儿让眼睛适应这个漆黑的地方。
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. Besides， it is not expensive at all. 这种课桌可以调整成你需要的高度，况且一点也不贵。 When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to living on his own. 当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会独立生活。
搭配
adjust sth to sth 调整……以适应……
adjust to （doing） sth 适应于（做）……
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
拓展 adjustment n. 调整，调节，适应
make an adjustment 作出调整
辨析 adjust， adapt
adapt to和adjust to中的to虽然都是介词，但习惯上adapt to后面只接名词或者代词；adjust to后面则既可以接名词代词也可以接动名词。
adjust oneself to/adapt oneself to意为“使自己适应……”，两者基本可以互换。
donate
vt. 捐赠；赠送
Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl. 当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。
He asked for a donation but went away empty handed. 他请求人们捐款，却一无所获地离开了。
搭配
donate sth to 向……捐献某物
make a donation to 捐献给……
拓展 donator 捐赠者；赠送者
辨析 donate/contribute
二者均可表示“捐献”，后面均可接to。表示捐钱或衣物时，两者可互换使用。
donate 一般表示捐钱或献血，只用作及物动词。contribute主要指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、物力、智力等。contribute还可表示“促成”“起作用”“投稿”。
[练习]
1. The book was written in 1966， since when the education system.（witness）
这本书写于1966年，它见证了此后教育体系的巨大变化。
2. It is strongly urged by her father that she the job in that small firm. （apply）
父亲坚决要求她不要在那家小公司求职。
3. Everybody knows that we need to this new situation and need to get better. （adjustment）
每个人都知道我们需要作必要的调整来适应新形势才能变得更好。
4. The doctor said that the patient had to at once， which made us all worried. （operate）
医生说病人必须立刻做手术，这使我们都非常担心。
[参考答案]
1. has witnessed great changes.
2. （should） not apply for
3. make some necessary adjustments to
4. be operated on
vt. 当场见到；目击；证明
vi. 作证
n. 目击者；证人；证据
The world has witnessed China’s rapid development in space with the launch of Chang’e-3. 嫦娥3号的发射让世人见证了中国在太空方面的快速发展。
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。
His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。
搭配
a witness to sth 某事的证人/证明
bear/give witness to sth 为……作证；证明
witness to （doing） sth 作证证明某事/做某事
一言巧记
The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness. 这场事故的目击者向警察提交了证明并且答应作证。
urge
vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策
n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向学生们力言用功的重要性。
The UN urged Syria to stop violence immediately and go back to the negotiating table. 联合国敦促叙利亚应立即停止暴力行为，回到谈判桌上来。
They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation. 他们极力主张在放假期间图书馆应当照常开放。
搭配
urge sb/sth on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that... （should） do sth 极力主张；强调……
It is urged that... （should） do sth 坚决要求……
abandon
vt. 遗弃；抛弃；放弃
n. 放纵；尽情
The bad weather forced them to abandon their search. 恶劣的天气迫使他们终止了搜寻工作。
They abandoned carrying out the plan because of the lack of money. 因为缺少资金，他们放弃了执行这项计划。
We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs. 我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。
搭配
abandon one’s hope/plan 放弃希望/计划/注意
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
with abandon 放纵地；放任地
abandoned 无约束的；无度的；放荡的
一言巧记
The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street， abandoning himself to despair. 那孩子被他的父母遗弃了，后来有人发现他在大街上游荡，他陷入了绝望。
reflect
vi.&vt. 思考；映射；反射
His house reflects his personality. 他住的房子反映他的性格。
You should set aside some time to reflect on your successes and failures. 你应该留出时间反思你的成功与失败。
Her face was reflected in the mirror. 镜子映出她的脸。
搭配
reflect sb/sth in sth （指镜子等）映出某人/物
reflect sth from sth 从某物（表面）反射（光，热，声等）
reflect on sth 思考某事
拓展 reflection 反射，反映影像
be lost in reflection 陷入深思中
adjust
vt.&vi. 调整；使适合
It took a while for his eyes to adjust to the blackness. 他用了一小会儿让眼睛适应这个漆黑的地方。
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. Besides， it is not expensive at all. 这种课桌可以调整成你需要的高度，况且一点也不贵。 When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to living on his own. 当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会独立生活。
搭配
adjust sth to sth 调整……以适应……
adjust to （doing） sth 适应于（做）……
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
拓展 adjustment n. 调整，调节，适应
make an adjustment 作出调整
辨析 adjust， adapt
adapt to和adjust to中的to虽然都是介词，但习惯上adapt to后面只接名词或者代词；adjust to后面则既可以接名词代词也可以接动名词。
adjust oneself to/adapt oneself to意为“使自己适应……”，两者基本可以互换。
donate
vt. 捐赠；赠送
Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl. 当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。
He asked for a donation but went away empty handed. 他请求人们捐款，却一无所获地离开了。
搭配
donate sth to 向……捐献某物
make a donation to 捐献给……
拓展 donator 捐赠者；赠送者
辨析 donate/contribute
二者均可表示“捐献”，后面均可接to。表示捐钱或衣物时，两者可互换使用。
donate 一般表示捐钱或献血，只用作及物动词。contribute主要指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、物力、智力等。contribute还可表示“促成”“起作用”“投稿”。
[练习]
1. The book was written in 1966， since when the education system.（witness）
这本书写于1966年，它见证了此后教育体系的巨大变化。
2. It is strongly urged by her father that she the job in that small firm. （apply）
父亲坚决要求她不要在那家小公司求职。
3. Everybody knows that we need to this new situation and need to get better. （adjustment）
每个人都知道我们需要作必要的调整来适应新形势才能变得更好。
4. The doctor said that the patient had to at once， which made us all worried. （operate）
医生说病人必须立刻做手术，这使我们都非常担心。
[参考答案]
1. has witnessed great changes.
2. （should） not apply for
3. make some necessary adjustments to
4. be operated on