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能源价格是世界经济的敏感问题之一,随着我国经济体制改革和市场机制日益完备,能源价格对能源生产者与消费者的行为将起到越来越大的调节作用。探讨能源价格对能源需求的影响具有重要的现实意义。 一、我国能源价格弹性分析 长期以来,我国能源价格一直是计划控制,定价偏低,能源工业特别是煤炭工业亏损严重,国家每年拿出大量资金给予补贴,但亏损状况日益严重。电力部门也面临类似的情况,其利润率由1980年的12％下降到1991年的3.8％,大量电网濒临亏损局面。
Energy price is one of the sensitive issues in the world economy. With the reform of China’s economic system and the increasingly complete market mechanism, energy prices will play a more and more important role in regulating the behavior of energy producers and consumers. It is of great practical significance to explore the impact of energy prices on energy demand. First, China’s Energy Price Elasticity Analysis For a long time, China’s energy prices have always been planned and controlled, pricing has been low, and the energy industry, especially the coal industry, has suffered serious losses. The state has taken out large amounts of funds each year to provide subsidies, but the loss situation has become increasingly serious. The power sector is also facing a similar situation, its profit rate dropped from 12% in 1980 to 3.8% in 1991, a large number of power grids on the verge of loss.