慢性粒单核细胞白血病(CMML)是一种公认的单核细胞增多的慢性白血病,其具有骨髓增殖性肿瘤和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的特点[1]。然而对CMML的性质和分类一直存在争议,临床诊断中难以界定。早在40年前CMML就已被公认为是一个独立的疾病实体,并于2002年将其纳入MDS。1971年,Saarni等人研究发现多个谱系患者中单核细胞白血病有异常转化,其中36%的患者有外周单核细胞增多症,31% Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a recognized chronic monocytic leukemia characterized by myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [1]. However, the nature and classification of CMML has been controversial, difficult to define in clinical diagnosis. As early as 40 years ago CMML has been recognized as an independent disease entity, and in 2002 into the MDS. In 1971, Saarni et al. Found abnormal transformation of monocytic leukemia in multiple lineage patients, of which 36% had peripheral mononucleosis and 31%