麻疹是幼儿期的一种常见的急性传染病。它的病原体是一种病毒,会在病人咳嗽、打喷嚏时随着唾沫飞扬传染他人。抵抗力较弱、未患过麻疹或没注射过麻疹预防针的小孩一年四季都可能发病,但夏、秋很少,冬季渐增,春季最多。约有百分之九十发生于三个月至五岁的儿童中。麻疹初起时类似感冒,表现为发热、咳嗽、流鼻涕、打喷嚏、眼睛发红等。发热二、三天后,在口腔颊部粘膜可见针尖大小的白色斑疹。三至五天后开始出皮疹,先从耳后、额、颈、胸、背,最后到四肢,然后逐渐消退。麻疹容易并发肺炎,对于儿童的生命有严重的威胁。 Measles is a common acute infectious disease in early childhood. Its pathogen is a virus that spreads to other people as the patient coughs and sneezes. Children who are less resistant, who have not had measles, or who have not been vaccinated against measles, may develop disease throughout the year, but few in summer or autumn, with increasing in winter and most in spring. About 90% occur in children between three months and five years of age. Measles early flu-like, manifested as fever, cough, runny nose, sneezing, red eyes and so on. Fever two or three days after the oral buccal mucosa visible needle-sized white rash. Three to five days after the rash began, first from the ears, forehead, neck, chest, back, and finally to the limbs, and then gradually subsided. Measles easily complicated by pneumonia, a serious threat to children’s lives.