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1973年和1979年两次世界性的石油危机引起重油价格上涨和国际钢铁市场对钢的需求大幅度下降。受此影响,西方主要产钢国家的钢铁工业一直很不景气。从表1看出,1986年与1979年相比,全世界钢产量下降8670万吨,其中美、日、西德、英、法五国的钢产量之和减少8366万吨。在此期间,美国、日本、西欧地区有的钢铁厂停产,维持生产的厂家设备开动率也很低。这些国家在大幅度降低一般钢铁产品产量的同时,大都调整了产品结构。以日本为例,虽然近年钢产量比七十年代高峰时期减产一千多万吨,但利润高的镀锡板、镀锌板、硅钢片、彩涂板等高级品种钢材均满负荷生产,形成了钢
The world oil crisis in 1973 and 1979 caused heavy oil prices to rise and the demand for steel from the international steel market dropped sharply. Affected by this, the steel industry in the West’s major steel-producing countries has been very sluggish. Table 1 shows that compared with 1979, the world’s steel production dropped by 86.7 million tons in 1986, of which the total steel output in the United States, Japan, West Germany, Britain and France decreased by 83.66 million tons. During this period, some steel mills in the United States, Japan and Western Europe were discontinued and the production facilities of equipment maintained at very low rates. Most of these countries adjusted their product mix while drastically reducing the output of general steel products. Taking Japan as an example, although the output of steel in recent years has been reduced by more than 10 million tons from the peak in the 1970s, high-yielding tinplate, galvanized steel sheet, silicon steel sheet and color coated steel plate are all produced at full capacity to form Steel