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人学,顾名思义,是关于人的学问;更确切地说,是关于如何做人的学问。既然人是“做”出来的,那么就可粗略地将人分为两类:一类是按照预定的尺度制造出来的人,另一类是依据自由的意愿创造出来的人。与此相应,人学也有两种:一种是制度化的人学,另一种是创造性的人学。《创世记》是制度化人学的最早范本。据说耶和华上帝是按照自己的模样和形象,制造了男男女女,并赐福给人类。可是《圣经》开篇并未提及神造人时所用的材料,这就为西方哲人留下了驰骋想象的概念空间。在著名的《理想国》里,柏拉图认为神是分别用金、银、铜和铁制造出哲学王、武士、农夫和手艺人三个等级。其门生亚里士多德通过形式与质料的哲学思辨,第一次给人下了定义:“人是政治的动物”。从此以后,西方思想史上关于人的定义
Human learning, as the name suggests, is about human learning; more specifically, it is about learning how to behave. Since people are “done ” out, then roughly divided into two categories: one is made according to a predetermined scale, and the other is created on the basis of freedom of the people. Correspondingly, there are two kinds of human learning: one is institutionalized human science and the other is creative human science. Genesis is the earliest example of institutionalized human studies. It is said that Jehovah God created men and women according to his appearance and image, and blessed them to mankind. However, at the beginning of the Bible, no mention was made of the material used by God to create people, leaving a conceptual space for Western philosophers to ride their imagination. In the famous “Republic of China,” Plato believed that God created three levels of philosophy king, warrior, farmer and artiste with gold, silver, copper and iron respectively. For its first time Aristotle, through his philosophical speculation of form and material, gave the definition: “Man is a political animal.” Since then, the definition of human beings in the history of Western thought