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19世纪中叶,中国的通商口岸乃西方殖民势力的中心,那里的美英商人享有多种与贸易活动有关的特权,他们往往越出进出口贸易严格规定的范围,打进中国的内河航运。由于快速帆船已经过时,美国航运业在中国港口之间日益采用轮船,从而使其能长期保持中国水域轮运的重要地位。1862年,美国在中国最大贸易中心上海创办旗昌轮船公司,
By the middle of the 19th century, the treaty ports of commerce in China were the center of Western colonial powers, where the American and British businessmen enjoyed a variety of privileges related to trade activities. They often went beyond the strict rules of import and export to enter China’s inland shipping. As the fast sailing vessel is out of date, the shipping industry in the United States is increasingly using ships between Chinese ports, thus enabling it to maintain the important position of China’s water circle for a long period of time. In 1862, the United States founded Qi Chang Steamship Company in Shanghai, China’s largest trading center.