成人神经母细胞瘤（ＡＮＢＴ）是一种十分罕见的实体瘤，来源于未分化的交感神经节细胞，原发于头颈部和下肢者较儿童多见。ＡＮＢＴ多以发热为首发症状，可发生多部位广泛转移，发生于胸部者可引起抗利尿激素增多综合征，在儿童患者中尚未见报道。该瘤恶性程度高，无症状时期较长，就诊时多为晚期，且对化疗敏感性较儿童差，２年生存率明显低于儿童，故治疗较为困难，预后较差。 Adult neuroblastoma (ANBT) is a very rare solid tumor, derived from undifferentiated sympathetic ganglion cells, more common in children with head and neck and lower limbs. ANBT mostly fever as the first symptom, can occur extensive metastasis, occurred in the chest can cause vasopressin syndrome, has not been reported in children. The high degree of malignancy of the tumor, asymptomatic period longer, mostly late treatment, and chemotherapy sensitivity than children poor, 2-year survival rate was significantly lower than children, so the treatment is more difficult, the prognosis is poor.