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在马克思的早期著作中,尤其在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,“异化”概念被复杂和模糊地使用着:它隐喻地描述了人类历程许多迥然不同的疏离和从属关系.这样,我们要在既不降低其丰富性,又不忽视其模糊性的情况下界定它,就不得不把它归置到马克思的“非自由”理论中来认识.众所周知,马克思1844年所指称的“非自由”,也就是“异化”,它是“前自由时期”的产物;或更精确地说,根据历史哲学的思路:以往的历史只是“异化”的过程,而自由是对极度异化的克服,那么,自由化就是历史的目的或终极归宿.
In his early writings, especially in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, the concept of “alienation” was used both complexly and vaguely: it metaphorically describes many very different alienations and affiliations of human history, and thus we To define it without diminishing its richness, without neglecting its ambiguity, we must place it within Marx’s theory of “non-freedom.” It is well known that what Marx claimed in 1844 was “ Freedom ”or“ alienation ”, which is the product of the“ pre-free period. ”Or more precisely, according to the philosophy of historical philosophy, past history is only a process of“ alienation ”, while freedom is an overcoming of extreme alienation. Then, liberalization is the purpose of history or ultimate destination.