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【目的】烟草普通花叶病毒病(TMV)是对烟叶产量和质量影响严重的一种病害。本研究为利用环保型植物源制剂防治烟草花叶病毒病提供理论依据。【方法】分别用水煎煮和乙醇浸提2种方法提取白花蛇舌草、莲叶和配伍多种植物的提取液。取等体积的植物提取液与烟草花叶病毒混合,观察TMV粒体形态及体外钝化效果,将提取液喷施感染TMV的烟叶上,观察烟草叶片超微结构的变化,并进行大田试验。【结果】正常的TMV粒体呈刚直、杆状,植物提取液与TMV等体积混合后,由于提取液的种类和作用时间不同,TMV粒子有不同程度的破坏、断裂或凝聚,感染TMV叶片细胞中存在大量杆状病毒粒子及其垛叠成的结晶体,叶绿体肿胀,外膜破裂,基粒片层紊乱、解体,细胞器消失,细胞空泡化。经植物提取液处理后,上述症状明显减轻。植物提取液对TMV的体外钝化效果分别为:白花蛇舌草50.77%—60.61%、莲叶73.39%—85.19%、制剂91.30%—92.13%,制剂比其它2种效果明显,大田试验验证制剂防治效果达71.02%—81.92%。【结论】植物提取液对TMV粒体有明显的破坏作用,因而能减轻TMV对烟草的危害。
【Objective】 Tobacco common mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease that seriously affects the yield and quality of tobacco. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus disease by using environmentally friendly plant source preparations. 【Method】 The extracts of Hedyotis diffusa Willd., Lotus leaves and various plants were extracted by two methods, water decoction and ethanol extraction respectively. An equal volume of plant extract was mixed with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to observe the morphology and in vitro passivation effects of TMV granules. The extract was sprayed on TMV infected tobacco leaves to observe the changes of tobacco leaf ultrastructure and conduct field experiments. 【Result】 The results showed that TMV particles were rigid, rod-shaped and mixed with TMV. Due to the different types and duration of TMV particles, TMV particles damaged, ruptured or aggregated to some extent and infect TMV leaf cells There are a large number of baculovirus particles and their stacked crystals, chloroplast swelling, rupture of the outer membrane, grizzly layer disorders, disintegration, organelles disappear, cell vacuolization. After the plant extract treatment, the symptoms were significantly reduced. The in vitro passivation effects of plant extracts on TMV were: 50.77% -60.61% of Hedyotis diffusa, 73.39% -85.19% of lotus leaves and 91.30% -92.13% of the preparation, the preparation was more effective than the other two. Control effect of 71.02% -81.92%. 【Conclusion】 The plant extracts have a significant disruptive effect on TMV granules, thus reducing the harm of TMV to tobacco.