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土壤风蚀是中国北方地区重要的生态环境问题。锡林郭勒盟位于中国干旱、半干旱地区,是中国北方典型风蚀区,其特殊的地理位置又使得本区成为华北重要的生态屏障,为此锡林郭勒盟全区均划入了京津风沙源治理工程区。为了更好地阐明锡林郭勒盟的土壤风力侵蚀过程,指导区域的荒漠化防治,,基于气象、遥感数据,利用RWEQ模型定量分析了20世纪90年代以来锡林郭勒盟的土壤风蚀时空格局,揭示土壤风蚀的主要影响因素。研究表明:锡林郭勒盟多年平均土壤风蚀量为3.39亿t。土壤风蚀强度以微度和轻度为主,主要集中在植被较好,风蚀力较低,降雨量较高,雪被覆盖地表时间较长的东、中部地区以及南部地区。侵蚀强度为中度以上的侵蚀区集中在苏尼特右旗、正镶白旗和正蓝旗的浑善达克沙地;90年代以来,锡林郭勒盟的土壤风蚀强度总体上呈减弱趋势,主要与风场强度的减弱,植被盖度等的变化有关。土壤风蚀多发生于风蚀力较大的春季,风蚀强度较大区域的春季植被盖度与风蚀量呈显著负相关(r>0.7,p<0.01),且近20年植被盖度提升有效降低了该区域的土壤风蚀。
Soil erosion is an important eco-environmental issue in northern China. Xilin Gol League in China arid and semi-arid areas, is a typical wind erosion area in northern China, its special geographical location and makes this area has become an important ecological barrier in North China, Xilin Gol League for this reason are included in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source management project area . In order to better clarify the process of Xilin Gol League’s soil erosion and guide the desertification control in the region, based on the meteorological and remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial patterns of soil erosion in Xilinguole League since the 1990s were quantitatively analyzed using the RWEQ model to reveal the main wind erosion Influencing factors. The research shows that the annual average amount of wind erosion in Xilin Gol League is 339 million tons. The intensity of soil erosion was dominated by slightness and mildness, mainly concentrated in the eastern, central and southern regions where the vegetation cover was good, the wind erosivity was low, the rainfall was high, and the snow was covered for a long time. Eroded areas with erosion intensity above moderate are concentrated in Suntien Right Banner, Zhengshunda Sandy Banner with Zhengbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner. Since 1990’s, the erosion intensity of soil in Xilinguole League tends to weaken, Field strength reduction, vegetation cover and other changes. Soil erosion mainly occurred in the spring with larger wind erosion, and the spring vegetation coverage was significantly negatively correlated with the amount of wind erosion (r> 0.7, p <0.01) in the areas with greater wind erosion intensity, and the vegetation coverage enhancement in the past 20 years was effectively reduced Soil erosion in the area.