早产是围生儿发病与死亡的重要原因 ,因早产儿某些解剖、生理的特点 ,常易出现一些严重并发症 ,需及时诊断、治疗。1　神经系统并发症早产是新生儿期发生脑损伤的独立危险因素[1] ,过去的 2 0年中 ,由于围生医学的进步 ,15 0 0 ｇ以下的早产儿存活率大大提高 ,但存活儿中 5 %～ Premature delivery is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Because of certain anatomical and physiological features of premature infants, some serious complications often occur and need timely diagnosis and treatment. 1 Nervous system complications Preterm birth is an independent risk factor for brain damage in the neonatal period [1]. In the past 20 years, the survival rate of premature infants below 150 g has been greatly improved due to advances in perinatal medicine, but survived Children 5% ~