目的了解天津市结对帮扶困难村居民健康素养水平,为有针对性地开展健康教育提供依据。方法 2016年3月采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取宝坻区的4个行政村,每个行政村抽取100个家庭户,每户抽取1名15~85岁居民进行健康素养问卷调查,并进行健康素养评估,共发放问卷415份,收回有效问卷403份,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行χ~2检验。结果天津市结对帮扶困难村居民健康素养具备率为18.61%,健康知识和理念具备率为19.11%,健康生活方式与行为具备率为12.66%,健康基本技能具备率为57.32%。不同性别、年龄、家庭人口规模、教育程度、家庭收入状况居民的健康素养具备率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论天津市困难村居民具有一定的健康素养水平,应加强对中青年、家庭人口数多、低文化水平和家庭收入低人群的干预,采取适合农村特色的健康教育宣传方式,加强农村健康教育工作力度。 Objective To understand the health literacy level of residents living in difficult villages in Tianjin, and to provide basis for carrying out health education in a targeted manner. Methods In March 2016, a total of 4 administrative villages in Baodi District were sampled by multi-stage random sampling method. 100 households were sampled from each administrative village. One household aged 15-85 was selected for health literacy questionnaire survey Health literacy assessment, a total of 415 questionnaires were issued, 403 valid questionnaires were withdrawn, and SPSS 19.0 software was used forχ ~ 2 test. Results The health literacy rate was 18.61%, health knowledge and concept rate was 19.11%, healthy life style and behavior rate were 12.66%, and health basic skills rate was 57.32%. The differences in the rates of health literacy of residents with different gender, age, family size, educational attainment and family income status were statistically significant (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusions Residents of the troubled villages in Tianjin have a certain level of health literacy. Interventions should be made for middle-aged and young people, families with low population, low literacy and low family income. Adoption of health education propaganda methods suitable for rural areas should be strengthened to improve rural health education Strength.