毛泽东农村社会理想有三次集中表达,主要是新村建设、人民公社和五七指示,其基本特征是公平与发展的价值追求、公有的制度模式、公共的生活方式、政社合一的组织模式。湖湘文化所蕴含的民本思想和大同理想的传统,给毛泽东农村社会理想着上了文化底色。张鲁政权所奉行的五斗米道,给毛泽东推行人民公社提供了历史经验和素材。 Mao Zedong’s rural social ideal has three times concentrated expression, mainly the new village construction, the people’s commune and the May 7 instructions, the basic characteristics of which are the pursuit of fairness and development value, the public system model, the public life style and the integration of politics and society organization mode. Huxiang culture contains the people-based ideals and the ideal of common ground, giving rural social ideals of Mao Zedong embarked on a cultural background. The five-legged rice road pursued by Zhang Lu’s regime provided historical experience and material to Mao Zedong’s implementation of the People’s Commune.