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惯性力一词在力学和技术书籍中用得相当多,但对于惯性力的实质则认识颇有分歧,是理论力学中易于引起争论的问题之一。二十世纪三十年代以来,苏联力学界对惯性力的概念有过强烈争论,争论的焦点在于惯性力究竟是不是真实的力。认为是真实力的见解在相当一段时期内佔了压倒优势,反映在若干苏联理论力学教材中,对我国理论力学的教学有不小影响。经过教学实践。发现他们片面强调惯性力的真实性导致了若干概念上的矛盾与纷扰。这问题在我国内尚待展开讨论。 本文是根据教学实践的体会评论一些苏联学者的主要论点和国内近来出现的某些主张。作者的结论是:所有加于运动质点本身的惯性力都是虚拟力,没有必要再按历史上的原义去定义惯性力,不宜单纯以加速度去定义力。
The term inertial force is used quite a lot in mechanics and technical books, but quite different in its understanding of the essence of inertial force. It is one of the most controversial issues in theoretical mechanics. Since the 1930s, the Soviet mechanics community has had a strong argument over the concept of inertial forces. The debate has centered on whether inertial forces are real forces. The views considered as true power dominated over a considerable period of time and were reflected in a number of Soviet theoretical mechanics textbooks, which had a great influence on the teaching of theoretical mechanics in our country. After teaching practice. The authenticity of their unilateral emphasis on inertial forces led to a number of conceptual contradictions and troubles. This issue is yet to be discussed within our country. This article reviews the main arguments of some Soviet academics and some recent claims in the country based on the experience of teaching practice. The author’s conclusion is that all the inertial forces applied to the motions themselves are virtual forces. There is no need to define the inertial forces according to the original meaning in history. It is not appropriate to define the force simply by acceleration.