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目的:通过分析46例类风湿关节炎（RA）并发周围神经病变（PN）患者的临床特点，旨在提高临床医生对其的认识水平。方法:选2012年9月至2019年9月郑州大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科RA并发PN者46例，按1∶2匹配92例RA患者，分析其临床资料、辅助检查、治疗方案及随访。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线评估类风湿因子（RF）滴度对RA并发PN的诊断效能。采用logistic回归分析发生PN的危险因素。结果:46例RA并发PN者男性15例，女性31例，年龄（59.1±11.8）岁，RA病程102.0（19.0~156.0）个月，PN病程 4.2 （0.7~5.5）个月。RA并发PN者4例出现皮肤血管炎，RF滴度高于RA患者；39例（84.8%）患者出现肢体麻木，4例（8.7%）患者出现双下肢感觉减退，1例（2.2%）患者出现右下肢疼痛，10例（21.7%）患者出现肌力减退，4例（8.7%）患者出现运动障碍。45例患者行神经肌电图检查，27例（60.0%）患者为多神经病，14例（31.1%）患者为多发单神经病。ROC曲线分析显示，RF滴度诊断RA并发PN的曲线下面积为0.7，最佳截止值为178.4 IU/ml时，敏感度为73.9%， 特异度为65.2%。Logistic回归分析显示，RF滴度>178.4 IU/ml（n OR＝5.626，95%n CI 2.509~12.618，n P178.4 IU/ml 可能是RA患者发生PN的危险因素之一。RA并发PN经积极治疗预后良好。“,”Objective:To study clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with peripheral neuropathy (PN).Methods:The clinical data of 46 RA patients with PN in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2012 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, previous treatment, treatment and clinical outcome. The other 92 RA patients without PN at the same period were selected as controls.Results:In RA patients with PN, the male to female ratio was 1∶2.1 with an average age (59.1±11.8) years. The course of RA and PN was 102.0 (19.0-156.0) months and 4.2 (0.7-5.5) months respectively. Numbness (84.8%, 39/46) and muscle weakness (21.7%, 10/46) were the most common symptoms. According to results of electromyography, polyneuropathy (60.0%, 27/46) was the predominant manifestation, followed by mononeuritis multiplex (31.1%, 14/46). Compared to RA patients, rheumatoid factor (RF) (n P178.4 IU/ml (n OR＝5.626, 95%n CI 2.509-12.618, n P178.4 IU/ml is correlated with the development of PN in RA patients. Intensive treatment such as high dose glucocorticoid and IVIG are effective.