论文部分内容阅读
目的了解中国部分地区儿童监护人对脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗知识知晓的情况和接种意愿,为开发有针对性的灭活脊灰病毒疫苗(Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine,IPV)纳入国家免疫规划宣传策略提供依据。方法在北京、上海、安徽、河南、云南、新疆等6省份12个县,对0~5岁儿童的监护人采用方便抽样方法,由培训合格的调查人员入户进行面对面问卷调查。结果共调查2 402名儿童监护人,口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)可能引起疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)及IPV的知晓率均为24.6%。5.2%的儿童监护人发生过接种犹豫,其中OPV居国家免疫规划疫苗的第一位(22.4%)。在未具体向儿童监护人解释IPV、OPV区别前,24.9%的儿童监护人选择IPV是因为听说发生AEFI少,16.7%是因为IPV是进口疫苗;解释后,超过40%儿童监护人选择IPV。49.2%的儿童监护人愿意选择国产免费的IPV。当发生国产IPV供应不足时,59.0%的儿童监护人愿意听从接种医生的推荐。92.9%的儿童监护人表示获取预防接种信息主要依赖于医生,其中91.6%表示接种医生是其最信赖的信息获取途径。结论在IPV纳入国家免疫规划过程中应适度宣传,主要向基层接种医生做好正确引导和免疫策略的解读和宣传,提高其沟通能力,使其在面对儿童监护人询问时能够正确回答相关问题。
Objectives To understand the knowledge of poliovirus (polio) vaccine among children’s guardians in some areas of China and their willingness to inoculation, and to provide a targeted national immunization program for the development of a targeted inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in accordance with. Methods In 12 counties in 6 provinces, including Beijing, Shanghai, Anhui, Henan, Yunnan and Xinjiang, a convenient sampling method was adopted for the guardians of children aged 0 ~ 5 years. Households with qualified personnel were interviewed by face-to-face questionnaires. Results A total of 2 402 child guardians were investigated. The awareness rate of suspected AEFI and IPV with oral live attenuated oral poliomyelitis (OPV) was 24.6%. 5.2% of child custodians had been vaccinated and hesitated, of which OPV ranked first in the national immunization program vaccine (22.4%). 24.9% of the child custodians chose IPV because they heard less AEFI, 16.7% because IPV was imported vaccine, and more than 40% of child custodians chose IPV after explaining the differences between IPV and OPV. 49.2% of child custodians are willing to choose domestic free IPV. When domestic IPV supply was insufficient, 59.0% of the guardians of children would like to follow the recommendation of vaccination doctors. 92.9% of child custodians said that access to vaccination information depends mainly on doctors, of which 91.6% said that vaccination doctors are their most trusted access to information. Conclusions The IPV should be appropriately publicized in the process of national immunization planning. The primary guidance should be given to the primary vaccination doctors to properly interpret and publicize the immunization strategies and enhance their communication skills so that they can correctly answer relevant questions in the face of inquiries from child guardians.