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改进生境等价分析法(habitat equivalency analysis,HEA),推导HEA在填海应用中生态服务受损量与补偿量评估公式。以1990年与2004年罗源湾生态服务水平为基础,假定受损生境自然恢复所需时间为10 a,于2013年采取种植海草床方式进行修复,修复生境达到最大服务所需时间为3 a,计算罗源湾填海生态服务总受损量、修复生境单位面积补偿量及修复规模。结果表明:初级生产力、生物资源和环境容量的受损程度分别为30.73%、61.94%和54.36%,在3%的贴现率水平下,所需海草床面积为109.79km~2,且指标受损程度与修复规模呈正相关关系。参数灵敏度分析表明,补偿起始点越早,修复生境达到最大服务水平所需时间越短,所需修复规模越小;贴现率的选择对修复规模影响显著。这一结论可作为地方政府对罗源湾填海实施生态修复建设和生态补偿管理的技术依据,亦可为其他海洋生态损害评估提供参考。
Habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) was improved to evaluate the assessment formula of ecological service impairment and compensation of HEA in reclamation. Based on the ecological service level of Luoyuan Bay in 1990 and 2004, assuming that the time required for natural restoration of the damaged habitat is 10 years, the method of planting seagrass beds will be adopted for restoration in 2013, and the time needed to reach the maximum service for restoration of habitats is 3 years , Calculate the total damage to the ecological service of reclamation in Luoyuan Bay, the compensation for the restoration of the unit area of the habitat and the scale of the restoration. The results showed that the damage level of primary productivity, biological resources and environmental capacity were 30.73%, 61.94% and 54.36%, respectively. Under the 3% discount rate, the required seagrass bed area was 109.79km ~ 2 and the index was impaired The extent and the scale of restoration was positively correlated. Sensitivity analysis of parameters shows that the earlier the starting point of compensation is, the shorter time it takes for the restoration of habitat to reach the maximum service level, the smaller the required restoration. The selection of discount rate has a significant impact on the restoration scale. This conclusion can be used as a technical basis for local governments to carry out ecological restoration and construction and ecological compensation management of reclamation of Luoyuan Bay. It can also provide reference for other marine ecological damage assessment.