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目的通过对个体效应进行模型化定量描述并予图形化评价,以便于直观理解,指导个体化用药。方法用数学模型剖析个体效应与个体差异的构成,与此相关的协变量效应和随机误差同时涉及,同时予以图形化表达。结果个体效应由群体效应、协变量效应、个体间随机效应和个体内随机效应组成。目前的数学方法已将此区分,并用参数定量表达;其过程需要各类图形法作为工具协助,同时结果也可用不同类型图形表达。结论获取个体效应是为了个体化用药,对此概念的充分认识和定量表达,需借助模型化手段和图形化工具。
Objective Through the modeling of individual effects quantitative description and graphical evaluation in order to facilitate intuitive understanding and guidance of individualized medication. Methods Using mathematical models to analyze the composition of individual and individual differences, the covariate effects and random errors related to this are involved, meanwhile, they are graphically expressed. Results Individual effects consisted of cohort effects, covariate effects, inter-individual random effects and in-person random effects. The current mathematical method has distinguished this and quantified it with parameters; its process requires all kinds of graphical methods as tools to assist, and the results can also be expressed in different types of graphs. Conclusion The individual effect is obtained for individualized medication. The full understanding and quantitative expression of this concept need to be achieved by means of modeling tools and graphical tools.