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荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）是以非放射性物质标记核酸探针，根据核酸杂交原理，在间期核和分裂中期染色体上检测特异性ＤＮＡ序列的一种新技术。由于它克服了放射性原位杂交（ＲＩＳＨ）的一些弊端，具有快速、准用、灵敏、经济等优点，现已应用于肿瘤生物学、产前诊断和基因突变等诸多领域。因恶性血液病常规制备染色体有较大难度，成功率不高，检出率较低等问题。而ＦＩＳＨ技术既可以分析中期核染色体，又能用于间期染色质，故该技术对恶性血液病研究有着特殊的应用价值，可发现一些新的染色体畸变包括染色数目、结构变化以及用以往一些常规细胞遗传学技术不能确认的微小染色体异常。现就ＦＩＳＨ在恶性血液病中的研究进展作一简要综述。
Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is a new technique for detecting specific DNA sequences on interphase nucleus and metaphase chromosomes based on the principle of nucleic acid hybridization based on non-radioactive substance labeled nucleic acid probes. Because it overcomes some of the shortcomings of radioactive in situ hybridization (RISH), it has the advantages of rapidness, quasi-use, sensitivity and economy. It has been applied in many fields such as tumor biology, prenatal diagnosis and gene mutation. The routine preparation of chromosomes due to hematological malignancies is difficult, the success rate is low, and the detection rate is low. FISH technology can not only analyze metaphase nuclear chromosomes, but also be used for interphase chromatin, so this technique has special application value for the study of hematological malignancies. Some new chromosome aberrations can be found, including the number of dyes, structural changes and the use of some Micro-chromosomal abnormalities that cannot be confirmed with conventional cytogenetic techniques. A brief review of the progress of FISH in hematological malignancies is presented.