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目的分析2005─2014年甘肃省武威市麻疹发病的流行病学特征及防控措施,为全面消除麻疹采取针对性的措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2005─2014年武威市麻疹发病资料,了解其发病与流行病学特征。结果 2005─2014年武威市共报告麻疹确诊病例791例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率4.34/10万,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=70.30,P<0.05);发病高峰为4─7月,报告病例599例,占病例总数的75.73%,不同月份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.88,P<0.05);总体呈小年龄组人群发病为主的模式特征,5岁以下儿童发病486例、占病例总数的61.44%;流动人口发病275例,占病例总数的34.77%;病例中有麻疹免疫史占63.08%,无免疫史占17.70%,免疫史不详占19.22%。结论武威市麻疹发病率总体处于散发水平,对适龄儿童及时、完整地开展麻疹疫苗接种、完善麻疹监测体系、积极开展医院和校园内培训、探索新模式管理流动人口,是控制并消除麻疹的有效手段。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures of measles in Wuwei City, Gansu Province from 2005 to 2014, and provide evidences for the targeted elimination of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of measles in Wuwei city from 2005 to 2014 and their incidence and epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 791 measles cases were reported in Wuwei City from 2005 to 2014, with no deaths. The annual average incidence rate was 4.34 / 100 000. There were significant differences in the incidence rates in different years (χ2 = 70.30, P <0.05) From April to July, 599 cases were reported, accounting for 75.73% of the total cases. The morbidity in different months was statistically different (χ2 = 36.88, P <0.05) The incidence of children under the age of 48 cases, accounting for 61.44% of the total number of cases; migrant population incidence of 275 cases, accounting for 34.77% of the total number of cases; cases of measles immunization history accounted for 63.08%, non-immune history accounted for 17.70%, immune history unknown accounted for 19.22% . Conclusion The prevalence of measles in Wuwei City is generally at the level of excretion, measles vaccination is timely and complete for school-age children, measles monitoring system is improved, and hospitals and campuses are actively trained to explore new modes to manage floating population, so as to control and eliminate measles effectively means.