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利用汶川地震丰富的近场实震资料,分析总结了地震作用下挡墙的变形破坏模式,指出挡墙的变形模式与地基基础关系最为密切。位于岩质地基上的挡墙主要发生倾斜变形,位于土质地基上的挡墙则主要发生推移变形。在此基础上,基于温克勒地基模型,将土体看做是一系列弹簧和理想刚塑性体的组合体,分析得到了不同变形模式下挡墙地震土压力及其合力作用点的计算方法。结果表明:不同变形模式下挡墙的地震土压力分布特征各异,除平移模式外,其余变形模式下挡墙地震土压力随深度都呈非线性分布;位于岩质地基上的挡墙发生变形后地震土压力的合力作用点要比土质地基上的挡墙高。通过开展位于岩质地基和土质地基上挡墙的振动台模型试验,对文中提出的挡墙地震土压力计算方法进行了验证,发现试验结果和理论分析结果较相吻合。
Based on the abundant near-field seismic data of Wenchuan earthquake, the deformation and failure modes of the retaining wall under earthquake are analyzed and concluded that the deformation mode of the retaining wall is most closely related to the foundation. The retaining wall located on the rocky foundation mainly occurs the inclined deformation, and the retaining wall located on the soil foundation mainly undergoes the deformation of deformation. On this basis, considering the soil as a combination of a series of springs and ideal rigid-plastic body based on the Winkler foundation model, the calculation method of the earth pressure and its resultant force point under different deformation modes is obtained . The results show that the seismic pressure distribution of the retaining wall is different under different deformation modes. In addition to the translational mode, the earth pressure on the retaining wall under the other deformation modes is non-linear with the depth; the retaining wall located on the rocky foundation is deformed After the earthquakes of earth pressure synergy point higher than the retaining wall on the soil foundation. Through the shaking table test on the retaining wall on the rocky foundation and the soil foundation, the earth pressure calculation method for retaining wall earthquake proposed in this paper is verified. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.