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目的:分析犯罪青少年使用成瘾药物的情况及影响因素,为预防及干预青少年使用成瘾药物提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,在广东省某未成年犯管教所随机抽取6个监区,调查抽样监区的在所犯罪青少年750名,通过自填问卷采集数据,并进行描述性分析。应用分类树模型分析704名男犯使用成瘾药物的影响因素。结果:犯罪青少年使用成瘾药物的报告率为28.13%,初次使用成瘾药物的年龄为(13.66±2.53)岁。氯胺酮的尝试使用率及经常使用率最高。单因素分析显示:入所前经常吸烟、有朋友使用成瘾物质、同伴影响抵抗问卷低得分的犯罪青少年,其成瘾药物使用率高;男犯的成瘾药物使用率在不同饮酒情况、有无朋友劝用成瘾物质的问题上,差异有统计学意义(P分别为0.001、0.008);入所前未与父母同住女犯的成瘾药物使用率(75.86%),高于入所前与父母同住女犯的使用率(40.00%)(P=0.019)。分类树分析结果显示,有无朋友使用成瘾物质、吸烟情况、饮酒情况和有无朋友劝用成瘾物质是影响男犯使用成瘾药物的主要因素。结论:犯罪青少年使用成瘾药物的情况不容忽视,尤其是新型毒品的使用。应加强对入所前有吸烟和饮酒行为的犯罪青少年成瘾药物使用的干预,培养青少年的同伴影响抵抗力。
Objective: To analyze the situation and influencing factors of addictive drug use among criminal youths and provide basis for prevention and intervention of addictive drug use among adolescents. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 6 districts from a juvenile delinquent care camp in Guangdong Province to investigate 750 juvenile delinquent criminals in the sampling district. The data were collected by self-check questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Applying the classification tree model to analyze the influence factors of 704 addicts using addictive drugs. Results: The reported prevalence of addictive drugs among criminals was 28.13%. The age at first use of addictive drugs was (13.66 ± 2.53) years. Ketamine trial use and frequent use of the highest. Univariate analysis showed that addicted drug use rate was high in criminal adolescents who used to smoke regularly, had friends using addictive substances, and peer influencers had low scores in the questionnaire; Friends advised to use addictive substances, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001, 0.008 respectively); the rate of addiction drug use (75.86%) was higher than that of the former The utilization rate of female offenders (40.00%) (P = 0.019). Classification tree analysis showed that the use of addictive substances by friends, smoking, drinking and the presence or absence of friends to persuade addictive substances are the main factors affecting the use of addictive drugs by male offenders. Conclusion: The use of addictive drugs by criminal youth can not be ignored, especially the use of new drugs. Interventions should be made to increase the use of addictive drugs for juvenile delinquents who have smoked and drunk before entering the premises, and training adolescents to influence their immunity.