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一、转变体制:从统制经济到市场经济。二战失败的日本在1945—1948年间采用了统制经济体制,面对经济发展的需要,这种体制在1949—1952年内由日本政府的经济政策予以铲除和转换。第一,以“集中生产方式”取代“重点生产方式”。第二,实施“道奇计划”,以间接干预为主的价格管理体制取代直接管理体制。第三,1952年7月,日本政府撤销统制经济的管理机关——经济安全部,设立经济企划厅,标志着统制经济体制的终结和市场经济体制的确立。经济企划厅与大藏省、通产省一起,以指导性计划和经济杠杆等宏观调控手段间接作用于企业。
First, change the system: from control economy to market economy. Japan, which failed in World War II, adopted a system of economic control in 1945-1948 to meet the needs of economic development. This system was eradicated and transformed by the Japanese government’s economic policy in 1949-1952. First, replace “key production methods” with “centralized production methods”. Second, the implementation of the “Dodge Project” will replace the direct management system with an indirect intervention-based price management system. Third, in July 1952, the Japanese government canceled the administrative organ that controls the economy - the Ministry of Economic Security and set up the Economic Planning Agency, marking the end of the system of economic control and the establishment of a market economy. Economic Planning Agency and the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of International Trade and Industry jointly with the guidance of plans and economic leverage and other macro-control measures indirectly affect the business.