支气管哮喘(bronchial asthma,以下简称哮喘)是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病,分为急性发作期和缓解期。全球大约有哮喘患者3亿,其中我国约三千万,且有逐年增高的趋势,其死亡率近年也有增加的趋势。各国关于哮喘管理的指南大都遵循逐步的、阶梯的治疗。当哮喘急性发作时,大多数的哮喘指南推荐以速效β2受体激动剂、短效抗胆碱能药物以及糖皮质激素等为基础的标准治疗。但是临床上大约有5%的哮喘急性发作患者对标准治疗反 Bronchial asthma (hereinafter referred to as asthma) is a chronic airway inflammatory disease, divided into acute exacerbation and remission. There are about 300 million asthma patients in the world, of which about 30 million in our country have a tendency of increasing year by year. The mortality rate has also been on the rise in recent years. Most countries on asthma management guidelines follow a step-by-step treatment. Most asthma guidelines recommend standard treatment based on fast-acting beta-2 agonists, short-acting anticholinergics, and glucocorticoids when an acute attack of asthma occurs. However, about 5% of clinically acute patients with acute asthma attack on the standard