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20世纪初期,美国绝大部分黑人生活在南部的乡村地区,但经过两次黑人大迁徙,有近一半的黑人迁移到北部和西部城市地区。与此同时,南部城市黑人的数量也迅速增加,黑人成为美国一个高度城市化的种族。但与白人和其他少数族裔相比,黑人的郊区化水平却十分低下。同时,不仅在中心城市,而且在郊区内部,黑人的分布又存在着高度隔离化的现象。低度郊区化和高度隔离化是黑人分布的两个主要特征。这种分布模式给黑人造成了极大的危害,比如进一步的贫困化、教育水平低下、就业困难、生活环境恶化等等。
In the early 20th century, most black people in the United States lived in southern rural areas. However, after two massacre of blacks, nearly half of them migrated to northern and western urban areas. At the same time, the number of blacks in southern cities is also rapidly increasing, with blacks becoming a highly urbanized race in the United States. However, the blacks’ suburbanization is low compared to whites and other ethnic minorities. At the same time, the distribution of black people is highly segregated, not only in the central cities but also in the suburbs. Low suburbation and high isolation are two major characteristics of black distribution. This distribution pattern has caused great harm to black people, such as further impoverishment, poor education, employment difficulties, deterioration of living environment and so on.