一、植物激素及植物生长调节剂 植物的生长发育不但需要水分、矿质及光合产物的供应,而且还受到一类生理活性物质——植物激素的调控。植物激素是指植物在生命活动过程中由植物体内代谢产生的具有高度生理活性的微量有机化合物质。它不象动物激素那样由专门的腺体产生,运到某一器官而起作用,而是从特定的组织或器官形成后,就地或运输到其他部位对植物的生长发育产生强烈的影响,而且在极低的浓度下就有明显的生理效应。自1934年从燕麦胚芽鞘中分离出生长素结晶至今,又发现赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸和乙烯五大类,也有人称之为五大内源激素。另外,近年来还在一些低等、高等植物中发现另一些能调节植物生长发育的物质,如长蠕孢醇、半支莲醛、芸苔素、菊芋素、日光花素、菜豆素、石蒜素、罗汉松内酯等。这类物质和五大植物激素都称为生 First, the plant hormones and plant growth regulators Plant growth and development not only need the supply of water, minerals and photosynthetic products, but also by a class of physiologically active substances - plant hormone regulation. Phytohormone is a kind of trace organic compound with high biological activity produced by the metabolism of plant during the process of life activity. It is not like animal hormones produced by specialized glands, transported to an organ to play a role, but from the formation of specific tissues or organs, on-site or transported to other parts of the plant growth and development have a strong impact, And at very low concentrations there is a clear physiological effect. Since 1934 isolated from the coleoptile ovule auxin crystals, and found that gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene five categories, also known as the five endogenous hormones. In addition, in recent years, some other substances that can regulate the growth and development of plants have also been found in some lower and higher plants, such as fulguride, semipalmitin, brassin, konjac, daylight anthocyanin, Allicin, Podocarol lactone and so on. These substances and the five major plant hormones are called raw