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根据地震波振幅衰减随不同的频率成分有不同的吸收衰减特点，本文基于小波变换理论，提出了时频域球面发散和吸收补偿的处理方法。首先分析了振幅衰减的物理机制，将吸收因子分解为地表一致性吸收项和大地吸收项。然后利用小波分解的特性将地震记录分解成不同的频道（尺度），拟合出各个频道随时间和炮检距变化的低频吸收能量曲线，对相应的频道进行补偿，再将各个频道重构为经过补偿后的地震记录，以消除大地吸收项对振幅的影响。而地表一致性吸收项留待后续处理去解决，如地表一致性及褶积。经过理论试算和实际处理表明，本方法能较好地消除球面发散和大地吸收对振幅的影响。
According to different attenuation characteristics of seismic amplitude attenuation with different frequency components, this paper presents a method to deal with spherical surface divergence and absorption compensation in time-frequency domain based on wavelet transform theory. Firstly, the physical mechanism of amplitude decay is analyzed, and the absorption factor is decomposed into the consistent absorption of the surface and the absorption of the earth. Then the seismic record is decomposed into different channels (scales) according to the characteristics of wavelet decomposition, the low-frequency absorption energy curves of each channel with time and offset changes are fitted, the corresponding channels are compensated, and each channel is reconstructed as After the compensation of the earthquake records to eliminate the absorption of the Earth’s impact on the amplitude. The surface consistency of absorption items to be addressed to follow-up treatment, such as surface consistency and convolution. After theoretical calculations and actual treatment show that this method can better eliminate spherical divergence and earth absorption on the amplitude.