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Objective: The aim of this study was to study the expression and the clinical significance of B7-H1 on dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral blood from patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell were disparted from 30 bladder cancer patients and 7 healthy controls by density gradient centrifugation and then co-cultured. The expression of B7-H1 on DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Expression of B7-H1 on DCs in bladder cancer was higher than healthy controls (P < 0.01). And the expression were strongly associated with the pathological grade and clinical stage of bladder cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The up-regulation of B7-H1 on DCs was strongly associated with neoplastic progression of bladder cancer. B7-H1/programmed death (PD)-1 signal pathway may also play an important role in immune escape of bladder cancer during initial phase of T cell immune response.