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位于黄河上游的三西建设是我国最早的区域性扶贫开发项目。其开发范围包括甘肃的河西走廊、以定西为代表的中部干旱地区和宁夏西海固地区(因其三地都有“西”,故简称“三西”)。以解决温饱为目的,组织超出土地承载能力的贫困山区农民向新开发的灌区迁移,则是三西建设的一项重大决策。1983——1992年十年间在政府的组织下,以开发型扶贫移民模式成功地实现了农村45万人口迁移和100多万亩新灌区开发,引起了国内外人们的关注。一、动因与背景以定西为代表的甘肃中部干旱地区及其毗邻的宁夏西海固地区(过去统称“陇中”),处于黄土高原及向干旱风沙区的过渡地带,地貌主要为丘陵以及台地、盆地和山地,水土流失和土地沙化严重,干旱、
The Three West Project, located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, is the earliest regional poverty alleviation and development project in our country. The scope of its development includes the Hexi Corridor in Gansu, the arid region of Central China represented by Dingxi, and the Xihaigu region in Ningxia (“West” for its three regions). To solve the problem of adequate food and clothing, it is a major decision for the Three-West Project to organize the relocation of impoverished mountainous peasants beyond the carrying capacity of land to newly-developed irrigation areas. From 1983 to 1992, under the government organization, with the development of the model of helping the poor and migrants, the migration of 450,000 rural residents and the development of more than 1 million mu of new irrigated areas were successfully carried out under the government organization during the ten years from 1983 to 1992. All these have aroused people’s attention at home and abroad. I. Motivation and Background Arid areas in central Gansu and its adjacent Xihaigu area (formerly “Longzhong”), represented by Dingxi, are in the transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the arid and sandy areas. The topography of the area is mainly the hills and the platform, Basins and mountains, soil erosion and desertification serious, drought,