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虽然一千年以前中东地区经济发展并不落后,但到了十八世纪,其经济发展滞后的特征已很明显。这一转变的原因是,当其对手西方世界向现代社会转化时,中东宗教的法律框架中的某些元素却停滞不前。对进化起阻碍作用的制度包括限制了资本积累的伊斯兰继承法;伊斯兰教法中公司概念的缺乏以及随之而来的市民社会的薄弱;还有穆斯林宗教与社团组织,它将大量资源限制在非生产性的组织之内来提供社会服务。这些阻碍经济发展的障碍在十九世纪的激进改革中大多都得以克服。但伊斯兰教法仍是一个阻碍中东经济发展的因素。该地区私人经济部门的薄弱以及人力资本的匮乏,是传统伊斯兰教法的两个突出后果。
Although the economic development in the Middle East did not lag behind a thousand years ago, the characteristics of its lagging economic growth in the eighteenth century were already evident. The reason for this shift is that some of the elements of the Middle East religious legal framework have stagnated when its rival Western world transformed into modern society. Institutions that impede evolution include the Islamic Inheritance Law which limits the accumulation of capital; the lack of corporate concepts in Shariah law and consequent weaknesses of civil society; and Muslim religious and community organizations that confine vast resources to Non-productive organizations to provide social services. These obstacles to economic development were mostly overcome in the radical reforms of the nineteenth century. But sharia law is still a factor hindering the economic development in the Middle East. The weakness of the private sector of the economy in the region and the scarcity of human capital are two salient consequences of traditional sharia law.