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国际债务危机最初都是起源于发展中国家,发展中国家是国际债务人。进入21世纪,国际债务模式呈现出新的变化,国际债务危机从“外围”向“中心”扩散;债务危机的形式由公司债务危机向主权债务危机转变,美国由原来世界最大债权国转变成为世界最大债务国,中国作为发展中国家已成为世界债权大国。美国国际债务模式转变的内在逻辑直接反映出发达国家利用债务对实施开放经济的发展中国家进行利益转移。中国作为债权国面临着诸多挑战,维护债权国利益是当务之急。
The initial international debt crisis originated in developing countries and developing countries were international debtors. In the 21st century, the international debt model shows new changes. The international debt crisis has spread from the “periphery” to the “center.” The form of the debt crisis has shifted from the corporate debt crisis to the sovereign debt crisis. The United States has changed from the largest debt in the world China has become the world’s largest debtor country and China, as a developing country, has become the world’s creditor nation. The inherent logic of the transformation of the U.S. international debt model directly reflects that developed countries use debt to transfer profits to developing countries that implement an open economy. As a creditor country, China faces many challenges and it is imperative to safeguard the interests of creditor countries.