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做推断题可以从以下四方面着手：(1)理解文章中的字面意思进行判断推理：(2)注意作者的用词和修辞手法，弄清词句的含蓄意义(3)对文章的事例、现象进行归纳，推断可能得出的结论；(4)通过文章的行笔特点，揣度作者的写作立场、态度和目的。
通常把推断类型题分为：词义推断题、数据推断题、细节推断题、意向推断题。
1．词义推断题
【例1】(2007·福建阅读理解E)The researchers led by professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the university of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners - a positive experience - their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tail to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of the dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.
72. The underlined word “intensity” in the passage means________.
A. surprise
B. worry
C. excitement
D. interest
74. The underlined word“they”refers to_________.
A. the dogs
B. the trainers
C. the systems
D. the researchers
72．答案：C
点评：这是一道词义推断题，主要是从句子前面的几个排比句入手推断，从词的位置和句子的大意弄清画线词和前面的“energetically”和“enthusiasm”意思相近。
74．答案：B
点评：这是一道指代题，也算是词义推断题的另一种类型。本题可根据该句的含义推断，approach是“接近”的意思，由于是驯狗师被要求接近狗而不能是狗被要求接近驯狗师，所以they指代的是dog trainers。
2．数据推断题
【例2】(2004·全国卷II阅读理解B)Putting away his sadness，Jehanordered his wife’ s dying wish carried out. More than 20,000 workers labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction. In 1653, Jehan placed Mumtaz’ s remains in the center under the building.
61. We learn from the text that Mumtaz probably died in________.
A. 1626
B. 1632
C. 1634
D. 1653
61．答案：B
点评：这是一道数字推断题，解决这样的题型有必要对文中某些数据进行一定的换算。根据句子“More than 20000 works labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction. In 1653, Jehan placed Mumtaz’ s remains in the center under the building.”可以计算出Mumtaz大约死于1632
【例3】(2006·江苏阅读理解E)A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with the motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.
As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
72. Each of the tunnels under construction is_________.
A. eight kilometers long and twenty meters wide
B. eight kilometers long and six meters wide
C. four kilometers long and twenty meters wide
D. four kilometers long and six meters wide
72答案: D
点评：本题从句子“The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide”可知，两个隧道宽12米，显然，一个隧道的宽就是6米；加上“As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city”句中two four-kilometer road tunnels的理解，故选D。
3.细节推断题
解答此类题时,应先找到所涉及的有关信息,找出关键句,确定所提问题的依据范围,忠于原文,推断出正确的含义和求知的事实。
【例4】( 2006·福建阅读理解D) Lectures are the most formal. There may be over a hundred in the audience and the lecture will last about fifty minutes. The value of the lecture is that it can present to a large number of people information which is not readily available in books, that it can give you an opportunity to hear a specialist develop a coherent argument, and that it can show visual material to a wide audience.
Your typical week’ s work will feel strange after school or collegesince there are fewer timetable teaching hours. Each week in the firstyear you may attend about six lectures and four to six seminars ortutorial.For the rest of the time you are working on you own, doingthe necessary reading in preparation for tutorials or writing seminarpapers. When writing an essay or carrying out project work, you canoften discuss with you tutor about the title and topic.
69. One of the values of the lecture is_________.
A. to make friends through groups
B. to learn more about other people’s ideas
C. to offer a chance to discuss with a specialist
D. to present to students information not found in books
70. Your typical week’s work in the university will feel strange because_________.
A. you may have no project work after class
B. you may give lectures and seminars
C. you may have fewer timetable teaching hours
D. you may write seminar papers with fellow-learners
69.答案D.
点评：这是一道细节推断题，从“The value of the lecture is that it can present to a large number of people information which is not readily available in books,
that it can give you an opportunity to hear a specialist develop a coherent argument,
and that it can show visual material to a wide audience.”文字中可以推断，上课的重要价值是向学生讲述书本上没有的信息。
70．答案C
点评：根据最后一段“Your typical week’s a work will feel strange after school or college since there are fewer timetable teaching hours”可以推断出由于几乎没有教学时间表而会感到奇怪。一般的大学都会按部就班按照时间表进行教学活动，而没有固定的时间表，
自然会感到奇怪了。
4．意向推断题(逻辑结论推断或者推断作者的写作观点、态度以及目的)
解答这类题，应该根据原文的行笔特点和写作的语气，推断作者的写作目的和态度，题项所提的问题在原文中都是比较含蓄的出现，必须明白作者所列举的事例和遣词造句的特点，弄清作者所要表达的主题思想，情感态度及隐含含义。
【例5】(2007·全国II阅读理解C) Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.
Thirty years have passed, but Odland can’t get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman’ a kind reaction. She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland,“It’s OK. It wasn’t your fault.”When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.
Odland isn’t the only CEO to have made this discovery. Rather, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.
Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power.
The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson’ s Unwritten Rules of Management.
“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”
51. According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about________.
A. Fortune 500 companies
B. the Management Rules
C. Swanson’s book
D. the Waiter Rule
52. From the text we can learn that__________.
A. one should be nicer to important people
B. CEOs often show their power before others
C. one should respect others no matter who they are
D. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants
51. 答案:D
点评：此题推断较为简单，找到原句,“It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule.”就可以推断出大部分CEO都会同意“侍者原则”。
52. 答案:C
点评：这是一道典型的意向推断题，从最后一段“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,”可理解作者所要表达的意思，即一个人无论对谁都要尊重。
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)
通常把推断类型题分为：词义推断题、数据推断题、细节推断题、意向推断题。
1．词义推断题
【例1】(2007·福建阅读理解E)The researchers led by professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the university of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners - a positive experience - their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tail to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of the dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.
72. The underlined word “intensity” in the passage means________.
A. surprise
B. worry
C. excitement
D. interest
74. The underlined word“they”refers to_________.
A. the dogs
B. the trainers
C. the systems
D. the researchers
72．答案：C
点评：这是一道词义推断题，主要是从句子前面的几个排比句入手推断，从词的位置和句子的大意弄清画线词和前面的“energetically”和“enthusiasm”意思相近。
74．答案：B
点评：这是一道指代题，也算是词义推断题的另一种类型。本题可根据该句的含义推断，approach是“接近”的意思，由于是驯狗师被要求接近狗而不能是狗被要求接近驯狗师，所以they指代的是dog trainers。
2．数据推断题
【例2】(2004·全国卷II阅读理解B)Putting away his sadness，Jehanordered his wife’ s dying wish carried out. More than 20,000 workers labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction. In 1653, Jehan placed Mumtaz’ s remains in the center under the building.
61. We learn from the text that Mumtaz probably died in________.
A. 1626
B. 1632
C. 1634
D. 1653
61．答案：B
点评：这是一道数字推断题，解决这样的题型有必要对文中某些数据进行一定的换算。根据句子“More than 20000 works labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction. In 1653, Jehan placed Mumtaz’ s remains in the center under the building.”可以计算出Mumtaz大约死于1632
【例3】(2006·江苏阅读理解E)A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with the motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.
As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
72. Each of the tunnels under construction is_________.
A. eight kilometers long and twenty meters wide
B. eight kilometers long and six meters wide
C. four kilometers long and twenty meters wide
D. four kilometers long and six meters wide
72答案: D
点评：本题从句子“The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide”可知，两个隧道宽12米，显然，一个隧道的宽就是6米；加上“As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city”句中two four-kilometer road tunnels的理解，故选D。
3.细节推断题
解答此类题时,应先找到所涉及的有关信息,找出关键句,确定所提问题的依据范围,忠于原文,推断出正确的含义和求知的事实。
【例4】( 2006·福建阅读理解D) Lectures are the most formal. There may be over a hundred in the audience and the lecture will last about fifty minutes. The value of the lecture is that it can present to a large number of people information which is not readily available in books, that it can give you an opportunity to hear a specialist develop a coherent argument, and that it can show visual material to a wide audience.
Your typical week’ s work will feel strange after school or collegesince there are fewer timetable teaching hours. Each week in the firstyear you may attend about six lectures and four to six seminars ortutorial.For the rest of the time you are working on you own, doingthe necessary reading in preparation for tutorials or writing seminarpapers. When writing an essay or carrying out project work, you canoften discuss with you tutor about the title and topic.
69. One of the values of the lecture is_________.
A. to make friends through groups
B. to learn more about other people’s ideas
C. to offer a chance to discuss with a specialist
D. to present to students information not found in books
70. Your typical week’s work in the university will feel strange because_________.
A. you may have no project work after class
B. you may give lectures and seminars
C. you may have fewer timetable teaching hours
D. you may write seminar papers with fellow-learners
69.答案D.
点评：这是一道细节推断题，从“The value of the lecture is that it can present to a large number of people information which is not readily available in books,
that it can give you an opportunity to hear a specialist develop a coherent argument,
and that it can show visual material to a wide audience.”文字中可以推断，上课的重要价值是向学生讲述书本上没有的信息。
70．答案C
点评：根据最后一段“Your typical week’s a work will feel strange after school or college since there are fewer timetable teaching hours”可以推断出由于几乎没有教学时间表而会感到奇怪。一般的大学都会按部就班按照时间表进行教学活动，而没有固定的时间表，
自然会感到奇怪了。
4．意向推断题(逻辑结论推断或者推断作者的写作观点、态度以及目的)
解答这类题，应该根据原文的行笔特点和写作的语气，推断作者的写作目的和态度，题项所提的问题在原文中都是比较含蓄的出现，必须明白作者所列举的事例和遣词造句的特点，弄清作者所要表达的主题思想，情感态度及隐含含义。
【例5】(2007·全国II阅读理解C) Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.
Thirty years have passed, but Odland can’t get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman’ a kind reaction. She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland,“It’s OK. It wasn’t your fault.”When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.
Odland isn’t the only CEO to have made this discovery. Rather, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.
Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power.
The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson’ s Unwritten Rules of Management.
“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”
51. According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about________.
A. Fortune 500 companies
B. the Management Rules
C. Swanson’s book
D. the Waiter Rule
52. From the text we can learn that__________.
A. one should be nicer to important people
B. CEOs often show their power before others
C. one should respect others no matter who they are
D. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants
51. 答案:D
点评：此题推断较为简单，找到原句,“It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule.”就可以推断出大部分CEO都会同意“侍者原则”。
52. 答案:C
点评：这是一道典型的意向推断题，从最后一段“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,”可理解作者所要表达的意思，即一个人无论对谁都要尊重。
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)