目的：为小腿创伤修复及肌瓣移植提供形态学依据。方法：采用解剖剥离测量方法，对３６具（共７２侧）成人下肢标本的胫神经及腓总神经肌支进行自身比例定位研究。结果：①腓总神经和胫神经发出的各肌支主要以２支型出现率最多；②腓总神经和胫神经发出的各肌支主要集中于小腿的１段和２段；③腓总神经和胫神经发出的各肌支进入各肌的区位，均有倾向于以神经干为轴心近距离分布的规律。结论：确定了腓总神经和胫神经肌支的危险区段和危险区位。讨论了有利于开展带神经血管蒂肌瓣移植的肌支类型。 Objective: To provide a morphological basis for trauma repair and muscle flap transplantation. Methods: Anatomical dissection method was used to study the self-localization of the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve branch in 36 (all 72) adult lower extremity specimens. Results: ① The main branch of the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve was the most frequent in 2 branches. ② The branches of the common peroneal and tibial nerve were mainly concentrated in the first and second leg of the calf; ③ The common peroneal nerve And the tibial nerve issued by the various muscle branches into the muscle location, tend to focus on the axis of the nerve as a close distribution of the law. Conclusion: The peri-phrenic nerve and tibial nerve branch of the dangerous section and the dangerous location was identified. The types of muscular branches favoring the transplantation of neurovascular pedicle flap were discussed.