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目的分析2005-2012年北京市狂犬病流行病学特征,为控制措施提供建议和依据。方法收集北京市2005-2012年期间狂犬病疫情资料,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2005-2012年北京市共报告狂犬病41例,病死率100%,发病呈逐年波动上升趋势。病例以成年男性为主,发病没有明显的季节高峰,地区间呈现从南向北蔓延、东部发病数高于西部的特点。96.55%的病例致伤后没有接受规范的暴露后处置。病例实验室诊断率低,仅有4例采集标本进行实验室检测。无主犬和家养犬都是重要的传染源。结论犬只的免疫和管理是控制狂犬病防控的关键,必须采取综合性防控措施,多部门配合,才能控制人狂犬病的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Beijing from 2005 to 2012 and provide suggestions and basis for the control measures. Methods The epidemic data of rabies in Beijing from 2005 to 2012 were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 41 cases of rabies were reported in Beijing from 2005 to 2012, with a case fatality rate of 100%. The incidence of this disease increased year by year. The cases were mainly in adult males. There was no obvious seasonal peak in the incidence, with the features of spreading from south to north in the regions and higher incidence in the east than in the west. 96.55% cases did not receive normative post-exposure treatment after the injury. Case laboratory diagnosis rate is low, only 4 cases of specimens collected for laboratory testing. Dog owners and domestic dogs are important sources of infection. Conclusion The immunization and management of dogs is the key to control rabies. It is necessary to take comprehensive prevention and control measures and cooperate with other departments to control the occurrence of rabies in humans.