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目的了解2013年南昌市常住儿童国家免疫规划(NIP)疫苗接种情况,指导今后常规免疫工作。方法使用批质量保证抽样法,以乡镇为单位,抽查NIP疫苗基础免疫、百白破(DPT)和麻疹(MV)疫苗的加强免疫接种情况。结果调查儿童4 872人,建卡率99.3%,建证率99.9%,卡证符合率99.0%;卡介苗(BCG)、脊髓灰质炎(OPV)基础全程、DPT基础全程、MV基础、乙型肝炎(Hep B)基础全程、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(MPV)基础、流行性乙型脑炎(JEV)基础免疫接种率达到90%以上;不同年龄组不同户籍属性之间大部分NIP疫苗基础免疫合格接种率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),城区儿童Hep B首针及时率、DPT、MV、JEV、Hep A接种率高于农村地区。结论我市NIP疫苗常规免疫接种率处于较高水平,但存在地域差异,接种率较低的乡主要分布在农村地区,尤其是加强免疫较薄弱,应加强农村地区的免疫规划工作。
Objective To understand the status of national immunization program (NIP) vaccination for children living in Nanchang in 2013 to guide future routine immunization. Methods The batch quality assurance sampling method was used to test the intensified immunization of basic immunization with NIP vaccine, DPT and measles (MV) vaccine with the township as the unit. Results A total of 4 872 children were surveyed, with a card rate of 99.3%, a certificate rate of 99.9% and a card compliance rate of 99.0%. BCG, poliomyelitis (OPV) basic course, DPT basic course, MV basis, hepatitis B (Hep B) based on whole, meningococcal meningitis (MPV) basis, the basic immunization rate of Japanese encephalitis (JEV) reached more than 90%; most of the NIP vaccine-based immunity between different hukou attributes of different age groups There was no significant difference in qualified vaccination rate (P> 0.05). Hep A vaccination rate of Hep B, DPT, MV, JEV and Hep A in urban children was higher than that in rural areas. Conclusion The routine vaccination rate of NIP vaccine in our city is at a high level, but there are geographical differences. Townships with lower vaccination rates are mainly distributed in rural areas, especially immunization is weakened and immunization programs should be strengthened in rural areas.