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目的探讨红色毛癣菌的菌落形态和镜下结构特征以及与感染部位的相关性。方法采用传统培养方法对192株红色毛癣菌进行表型分型,选取其中39株在28℃、30℃、35℃3种温度孵育6d、10d、14d时观察菌落形态和生长速度。结果192株红色毛癣菌共分离出3种表型:绒毛型、沟纹型、粉末型(或颗粒型)。在相同培养基上,28℃、30℃时菌落生长速度无显著差异(P>0.05),均快于35℃(P<0.05)。在相同温度时,菌落在SDA上的生长速度快于PDA培养基。在28℃、30℃时菌落形态比较稳定,在35℃时变异较大。菌落在PDA培养基上产孢丰富,镜下显示有较多的大、小分生孢子,而在SDA培养基上只有少量的小分生孢子,几乎见不到大分生孢子。各种浅部感染均以绒毛型为主,绒毛型在手足癣中占比例最高,沟纹型在体股癣中所占比例较高,粉末型在甲癣中占的比例较高。结论红色毛癣菌的菌落形态与培养基和培养温度有关,其表型和镜下结构与感染部位均有一定的相关性。
Objective To investigate the colony morphology and microscopic structure of Trichophyton rubrum and its relationship with the site of infection. Methods 192 strains of Trichophyton rubrum were isolated by conventional culture method. 39 strains of them were selected and cultured at 28 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ for 6d, 10d and 14d respectively to observe the colony morphology and growth rate. Results 192 strains of Trichophyton rubrum were isolated three kinds of phenotype: villous, grooved, powdery (or granular). There was no significant difference in colony growth rate between 28 ℃ and 30 ℃ (P> 0.05) on the same medium, both of which were faster than 35 ℃ (P <0.05). At the same temperature, colonies grew faster on SDA than on PDA medium. At 28 ℃, 30 ℃ colony morphology is relatively stable, greater variation at 35 ℃. The colonies were rich in sporulation on PDA medium, showing more large and small conidia under the microscope. However, only a few small conidia were found on the SDA medium, and the conidia were hardly seen. All kinds of superficial infections were mainly of villus type, villous type accounted for the highest proportion of hand, foot and ringworm, groove type accounted for a higher proportion of body ringworm, powder type accounted for a higher proportion of onychomycosis. Conclusion The colony morphology of Trichophyton rubrum is related to the culture medium and culture temperature. The phenotype and microstructure of the Trichophyton rubrum are related to the infection site.