制度发展和国民日益增长的需求都要求提供更加充分的大病保障,但目前我国大病保障相对不足。近年来,全国各地对大病保障实践进行了积极探索,形成多种化解大病经济风险的模式。本文在总结中国大病保障实践模式特点的基础上,应用基于德尔菲等方法构建的成本—效益指标及权重体系,对各典型模式进行了比较分析。研究发现,制度统一、有序就医、拥有健康红利的东莞模式相对最优。借鉴国际上绝对数、相对比、混合式等三种自付封顶方式,在逐步取消基金封顶的条件下,我国可以探索建立多层次绝对值自付封顶模式,并利用“互联网+”及政府购买服务方式,提高大病保障水平,推动医保治理现代化。 The development of the system and the growing needs of the people all require the provision of more adequate disease protection. However, at present, China’s critical illness protection is relatively inadequate. In recent years, various countries throughout the country have actively explored the protection of major diseases and formed a variety of modes to resolve major economic risks. On the basis of summarizing the characteristics of China’s disease protection practice model, this paper applies the cost-benefit indicators and weight system constructed based on Delphi and other methods to compare and analyze the typical models. The study found that the Dongguan model with unified system, orderly medical treatment and healthy dividends is relatively optimal. By referring to the three kinds of self-paying caps such as absolute numbers, relative ratios, and hybrid types in the international market, under the condition of gradually canceling the capping of funds, China can explore the establishment of a multi-level absolute value self-pay capping model and use ”Internet+” and The government purchases service methods, raises the level of serious illness protection, and promotes the modernization of medical insurance.