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病理组织学检查是诊断癌前病变的最可靠标准。目前公认的癌前病变有:(1)小叶及导管不典型增生;(2)柱状上皮不典型增生;(3)小叶原位癌;(4)乳头状病变;(5)异常增生放射状瘢痕。治疗癌前病变的最有效方法是手术切除。但是必须权衡手术范围与外形美观之间的矛盾,既不要切除范围过大,造成不必要的组织缺失,也不要切除范围过小而留下复发隐患。导管原位癌是乳腺癌的早期阶段,但是,纯粹的导管原位癌不具有侵袭性,被看作癌前病变和癌的中间状态。手术切除、放疗加降低风险的内分泌治疗是导管原位癌主要治疗方法。
Histopathological examination is the most reliable standard for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions. Currently recognized precancerous lesions are: (1) lobular and ductal dysplasia; (2) dysplastic columnar epithelium; (3) lobular carcinoma in situ (4) papillary lesions; (5) abnormal proliferation of radial scars. The most effective way to treat precancerous lesions is surgery. However, we must weigh the contradiction between the surgical range and aesthetic appearance, neither to remove the scope is too large, resulting in unnecessary tissue loss, and do not remove the scope is too small and leave a recurrence of the hidden danger. Ductal carcinoma in situ is an early stage of breast cancer, but pure ductal carcinoma in situ is not invasive, is considered as a precancerous lesion and cancer of the intermediate state. Surgical resection, radiotherapy and reduce the risk of endocrine therapy is the main treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ.