在美国,每年约有4 000例患者被诊断为急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL),其中近2/3是儿童和青少年,这使得ALL成为该年龄组中最常见的恶性肿瘤。从20世纪50年代至80年代,通过不断完善合理使用抗白血病药物和在临床试验中应用按危险因素分组的化疗方案,使ALL治疗效果得以稳步改善。20世 In the United States, about 4,000 patients are diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) each year, nearly two-thirds of whom are children and adolescents, making ALL the most common malignancy in this age group. From the 1950s to the 1980s, the treatment effect of ALL was steadily improved through the continuous improvement of the rational use of anti-leukemia drugs and the application of chemotherapy-based risk factors in clinical trials. 20th Century