胆管癌是一种起病隐匿、手术切除率低且预后较差的恶性肿瘤.目前胆管癌的诊断与治疗缺少有效的早期标志物或靶点.近年来的研究发现胆管癌的发生与发展与癌细胞中异常表达的非编码RNA(ncRNA)有一定的相关性.ncRNA是一类不具有编码蛋白质功能RNA的总称,它不仅能够通过参与调控基因表达而影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生物学过程,同时对肿瘤的发生、发展以及肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移等过程中也发挥重要作用.通过对胆管癌肿瘤细胞中异常表达ncRNA的研究,将促进胆管癌分子诊断以及靶向治疗技术的发展.笔者回顾并且简要分析ncRNA与胆管癌关系以及相关作用机制的研究进展,为更进一步的研究提供的线索,同时为胆管癌的治疗提供新的思路.“,”Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor with a low resection rate and dismal prognosis. At present, the effective markers or targets for early diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma remain absent. Recent investigations have found that there are certain links between the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma and the abnormal expressions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer cells. ncRNAs are a family of RNAs that do not encode proteins, and they can not only affect multiple biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis of the tumor cells, but also play important roles in the occurrence and development of tumors as well as in the invasion and metastasis processes of tumor cells,through participating in the regulation of gene expressions. Studies of the abnormal expressions of ncRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma cells may promote the development of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Here, the authors review and briefly analyze the research progress on the relationship between ncRNAs and cholangiocarcinoma and the related mechanisms, so as to provide clues for further investigation and new ideas for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.