Near-infrared lasing and tunable upconversion from femtosecond laser inscribed Nd,Gd∶CaF2 waveguides

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Optical channel waveguides with depressed cladding configurations have been produced in Nd,Gd∶ CaF2 laser crystals by using ultrafast laser inscription.Waveguide properties are investigated in terms of guiding behaviors and localized laser-induced lattice damages.Under an optical pump of 808 nm light,continuous-wave waveguide lasing at 1.08 μm is achieved,with a single-mode operation and a minimum lasing threshold of 98.8 mW.Furthermore,the visible emissions of Nd3+ with short wavelengths ranging from 415 nm to 550 nm and long wavelengths from 550 nm to 625 nm are observed upon 808 nm laser excitation via the up-converted process.The intensity ratios of two wavelength ranges are proved to be tunable through changing the pumping polarizations.
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