目的:观察左旋咪唑(LMS)对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(experimental allergic encephalomyelitis,EAE)中枢神经系统病理变化的影响。方法:制作豚鼠脊髓匀浆和LMS等Wistar-EAE大鼠模型,比较各组模型的行为学、组织病理学和髓鞘变化。结果:①与豚鼠脊髓匀浆组相比,LMS对EAE具有明显的促发作用,表现在潜伏期明显缩短,发病率明显升高(P<0.05);而且LMS能够代替豚鼠脊髓匀浆直接激发EAE;②组织病理学观察:发病大鼠以脊髓、小脑、脑干为主的中枢神经系统内可见不同程度血管套的形成,室管膜下炎性细胞浸润,神经细胞的肿胀、变性、坏死等;广泛的神经髓鞘脱失,断裂;但轴突相对完整。结论:LMS引起EAE。 Objective: To observe the effect of levamisole (LMS) on pathological changes of central nervous system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Wistar-EAE model of spinal cord homogenate and LMS were made in guinea pigs. The changes of behavior, histopathology and myelin sheath were compared between the two groups. Results: (1) Compared with guinea pig spinal cord homogenate group, LMS could obviously promote the development of EAE, the latency was significantly shortened and the incidence was significantly increased (P <0.05); and LMS could directly induce EAE in guinea pig spinal cord homogenate ; ②The histopathological observation: The incidence of vascular sheath formation, subependymal infiltration of inflammatory cells, swelling, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells can be seen in the central nervous system of rats, mainly spinal cord, cerebellum and brain stem. Extensive nerve demyelination, rupture; but axons relatively intact. Conclusion: LMS causes EAE.