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抑郁症是一种以显著而持久的心境低落为主要表现的心理疾病，目前在其诊断和治疗反馈方面主要依靠症状学指标，寻找敏感和可靠的生物学标志物对提高临床诊疗水平具有重要的意义。近年来γ神经振荡在抑郁症患者中的最新研究成果，主要可以归纳为以下几点：(1)γ神经振荡的产生和调节有赖于兴奋性谷氨酸能神经元和抑制性γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能中间神经元的相互作用；(2)在某些条件下，如借助认知任务、听觉稳态反应和新型数据分析手段等，γ神经振荡可以区分抑郁症患者和健康受试者、抑郁症和双相情感障碍患者以及识别有自杀意念或企图的抑郁症患者；(3)各种抗抑郁治疗的药物和非药物方法均能引起γ神经振荡的改变。不过也应当看到，将γ神经振荡作为抑郁症的生物学标记物还存在着很多亟待解决的问题。“,”Depression is a kind of mental disease which is characterized by significant and lasting low mood.As for the diagnosis and treatment feedback, it mainly relies on symptomatological indicators at present.It is of great significance to find sensitive and reliable biomarkers to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment.In recent years, the new findings of gamma oscillation in patients with depression can be summarized as follows: (1) The generation and regulation of gamma oscillation depend on the interaction between excitatory glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons.(2) Under some conditions, for example, with the help of cognitive tasks, auditory steady state response and new methods of data analysis, gamma oscillation can be used to distinguish the patients with depression from healthy subjects, distinguish the patients with depression from that with bipolar disorder and identify the individuals who have suicidal thoughts or attempts in patients with depression.(3) Various methods of drug or not for depression both can cause the change of gamma oscillation.However, it should be noted that there are still many problems to be solved in using gamma oscillation as a biomarker of depression.