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目的了解未成年劳务工的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为下一步有针对性地开展心理健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段分层抽样的方法对深圳市1 365名未成年劳务工进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、压力知觉量表、领悟社会支持量表及自编一般情况问卷的调查。结果未成年劳务工的躯体化因子得分低于全国常模,强迫、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子分及总得分高于全国常模(P<0.01);女性在强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子分及总分上高于男性;心理问题检出人数786人,检出率为57.6%;多元线性回归分析结果显示,压力知觉、家庭内支持及性别进入回归方程模型。结论压力知觉、家庭内支持和性别是未成年劳务工心理健康的主要影响因素,加强家庭对未成年工的支持,减轻其社会的压力是提供其心理健康水平的有效方法。
Objective To understand the state of mental health of underage workers and its influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for carrying out mental health promotion in the next step. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to survey 1 365 underage labor workers in Shenzhen for the SCL-90, the stress perception scale, the perceived social support scale and the self-compiled general questionnaire. Results The score of somatization of underage laborers was lower than that of the national norms. Compulsive, anxiety, horror, psychotic factors scores and total score were higher than those of national norms (P <0.01) Psychiatric factors score and total score higher than men; Psychological problems detected 786 people, the detection rate was 57.6%; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that stress perception, family support and gender regression model. Conclusions Stress perception, family support and gender are the main influencing factors of mental health of minors. Strengthening family support for minors and reducing their social pressure are effective ways to provide mental health.