胡桃夹综合征(NCS)又称左肾静脉压迫综合征,是因左肾静脉在汇入下腔静脉的行程中受到机械性挤压而引起反复性、发作性血尿、蛋白尿、左侧腰痛与腹痛等一系列症状。该综合征临床较少见,易与泌尿系统其他疾病相混淆而发生误诊。本文报告了某部误诊为泌尿系结石的新兵NCS 1例临床资料,分析了NCS的常见病因、临床表现和发生误诊的主要原因,并探讨了相关的临床检查、诊断与治疗措施。 Nutcracker syndrome (NCS), also known as left renal vein compression syndrome, is caused by mechanical compression of the left renal vein during recurrent inferior vena cava recurrent episodes of hematuria, proteinuria, left lumbar pain And a series of symptoms such as abdominal pain. The syndrome is clinically rare, easily confused with other urological diseases misdiagnosed. This article reports the clinical data of a case of recruited NCS misdiagnosed as urinary calculi. The common causes, clinical manifestations and causes of misdiagnosis of NCS were analyzed. Relevant clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment measures were also discussed.