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锌是高等植物的必需营养元素,早在1926年就由Sommer和 Lipman首先证实,而施Zn对玉米等作物的效应则发现更早,在1921年就有人观察到了。后来发现玉米缺Zn会产生所谓“白苗病”的缺Zn症状,现今在水稻上有时也有这种症状出现。但关于Zn在植物生理上的作用,却很少直接以水稻作研究材料,而常采用番茄、玉米、大麦等植物来研究。这些研究证明,Zn是植物生长素形成时不可缺少的因素,而且和RNA代谢有密切关系,从而影响蛋白质的合成;Zn又是碳酸酐酶的成分,还是其它一些酶的活化剂,缺Zn时叶绿素的形成和光合作用受阻。近十余年来Zn在水稻生产上受到很大重视,也累积了不少文献资料,但直接研究Zn在水稻中的生理机制的报告很少。所以本文不拟阐述Zn对水稻的生理作用,而仅就文献所涉及内容,对水稻Zn素营养与施肥的几个实际问题作一综述。
Zinc was an essential nutrient for higher plants, first confirmed by Sommer and Lipman in 1926, and Zn was found earlier in the effect of corn and other crops, as observed in 1921. Later found that lack of Zn corn will have the so-called “white rice disease,” the lack of Zn symptoms, and now in rice, sometimes this symptom appears. However, the role of Zn in plant physiology, but rarely directly to rice for research materials, and often use tomatoes, corn, barley and other plants to study. These studies demonstrate that Zn is an indispensable factor in the formation of auxin and is closely related to the metabolism of RNA, which affects the protein synthesis. Zn is also a component of carbonic anhydrase or activator of some other enzymes. In the absence of Zn Chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis blocked. In recent ten years, Zn has gained great attention in rice production and accumulated a lot of literature. However, there are few reports on the direct physiological mechanism of Zn in rice. Therefore, this article does not intend to elaborate on the physiological role of Zn on rice, but only on the content of the literature on the Zn nutrition and fertilization of rice several practical issues are reviewed.