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在大田超高产条件下,研究了氮磷肥配施对超高产冬小麦济麦22灌浆期光合日变化及产量的影响.结果表明:对照(不施氮磷肥)和低氮低磷处理(N、P分别为225和75 kg.hm-2)的净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰曲线,有明显的光合“午休”现象,而合理的氮磷处理(N2P2,N、P分别为300和150 kg.hm-2)可以减弱甚至使光合“午休”现象消失;“午休”现象的产生是气孔因素与非气孔因素共同作用的结果.随施肥量增加,小麦的Pn、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均逐渐增强.磷素对小麦光合作用的影响程度小于氮素,当施磷量超过150 kg.hm-2时,小麦Pn随施磷量的增加程度有所减缓,甚至下降,各处理中以N2P2处理Pn、Gs和水分利用效率与对照差异最显著.表明氮肥对超高产小麦光合日变化有较大的调节作用,磷肥次之,而氮磷肥配施对Pn、Gs、Tr存在极显著的互作效应.当N、P分别为300和150 kg.hm-2时有利于提高超高产冬小麦的Pn和产量.
The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on photosynthetic diurnal changes and yield of super high yielding winter wheat Jimai 22 during grain filling stage were studied under ultra high yielding conditions. The results showed that: the control (no N and P) and N and P (Pn) of 225 and 75 kg · hm-2, respectively, showed a bimodal curve with obvious photosynthesis “Nadu ”, and the reasonable N and P treatments (N2P2, N and P 300 and 150 kg · hm-2) could reduce or even eliminate photosynthesis “lunch break ” phenomenon “lunch break ” phenomenon is the result of stomatal factors and non-stomatal factors together with the increase of fertilizer, wheat Pn, stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal limitation (Ls) and transpiration rate (Tr) increased gradually.The effect of phosphorus on photosynthesis of wheat was less than that of nitrogen.When phosphorus application exceeded 150 kg.hm-2 , Pn of Pn decreased slightly with the increase of P application, and even decreased, Pn, Gs and water use efficiency of N2P2 were the most significant difference between the two treatments.It showed that nitrogen fertilizer had greater regulation on photosynthetic diurnal variation of super-high-yield wheat , Followed by phosphate fertilizer, while the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus had a significant interaction effect on Pn, Gs, Tr when N and P were 300 and 150 kg respectively. hm-2 is beneficial to increase Pn and yield of super high-yield winter wheat.