麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,是严重危害儿童健康的疾病〔1,2〕。自从1965年开展免疫接种以来,麻疹的发病率逐年下降;但随着城市流动人口的增加,麻疹病毒的基因变异等因素〔3〕,近年来麻疹发病率又有所上升,且年龄分布也有所改变,尤其是1岁以内婴儿麻疹的发病数有 Measles is an acute respiratory infection caused by the measles virus and is a disease that is seriously harmful to children’s health [1,2]. The incidence of measles has been declining year by year since the immunization was launched in 1965. However, with the increase of urban floating population, the genetic variation of measles virus and other factors [3], the incidence of measles has risen again in recent years and the age distribution has also risen Changes, especially in the 1-year-old infant measles incidence of the number