目的通过对妊娠合并糖尿病孕妇有针对性地开展健康教育和随访调查,探讨健康教育模式对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者孕期前后体重变化及新生儿并发症的影响。方法将106例GDM孕妇随机分组,实验组55例,对照组51例,对照组孕妇只进行常规的健康教育:包括一些就诊期间医生和主管护士的指导建议等,治疗组则给予多样化的健康教育,包括科学的饮食、随访宣传、加强督导及合理的治疗等,比较两组孕妇孕前和孕期体重、分娩情况及新生儿多种并发症的异同。结果实验组在GDM基础知识、饮食、运动及用药知识等方面的健康知识得分均较对照组高(P<0.05)。对照组的孕期增重和分娩时体重指数(BMI)显著高于实验组(P值均<0.05),对照组剖宫产分娩率显著高于实验组(P<0.05),而实验组经阴道分娩率也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组发生胎儿异常的比例,包括早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿生长受限、巨大儿及新生儿窒息等并发症显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论健康教育可提高GDM孕妇的健康知识掌握程度,减少早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿生长受限、巨大儿及新生儿窒息等并发症的发生。 Objective To investigate the health education and follow-up survey of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (DM) to explore the effect of health education mode on body weight changes and neonatal complications in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients before and after pregnancy. Methods A total of 106 GDM pregnant women were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 55) and control group (n = 51). The pregnant women in the control group only received regular health education, including some advice from doctors and nurses during the treatment period. The treatment groups were given diversified health Education, including scientific diet, follow-up publicity, supervision and reasonable treatment were strengthened. The similarities and differences of body weight, delivery and neonatal complications between two groups of pregnant women before and during pregnancy were compared. Results The score of health knowledge in experimental group was higher than that of control group in basic knowledge of GDM, diet, exercise and medication knowledge (P <0.05). The body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy and childbirth in the control group were significantly higher than those in the experimental group (all P <0.05), and the cesarean section delivery rate in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group (P <0.05) Delivery rate was also significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). The proportion of fetal abnormalities in the experimental group, including preterm birth, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, macrosomia and neonatal asphyxia were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions Health education can improve the health knowledge of GDM pregnant women and reduce the incidence of complications such as premature birth, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, giant children and neonatal asphyxia.